{
 "api_version": "1",
 "name": "Nordic Crypto",
 "generated_at": "2026-10-06T18:09:15+00:00",
 "preview": false,
 "regulation": [
  {
   "country": "NO",
   "mica": "MiCA applies through the EEA Agreement as Norwegian law from 1 Jul 2025 (Crypto-Assets Act). Registered VASPs had a transition until 30 Dec 2025 or until their licence decision.",
   "law": "Lov om kryptoeiendeler (Crypto-Assets Act, 27 May 2025 no. 20).",
   "regulator": "Finanstilsynet (licences and supervision); Norges Bank (payments, CBDC study); Skatteetaten (tax, CARF/DAC8 reporting from income year 2026).",
   "status": "Six CASPs authorised by Finanstilsynet as of 3 Oct 2026: Týr Markets, Firi, K33 Markets, Bare Bitcoin, NBX and AK Jensen Norway. A temporary ban on new power-intensive crypto data centres is being studied but not adopted.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2025-05-27-20",
     "title": "Lov om kryptoeiendeler",
     "source_name": "Lovdata",
     "date": "2026-10-03"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/esmas-activities/digital-finance-and-innovation/markets-crypto-assets-regulation-mica",
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register (CASPS.csv, checked 3 Oct 2026)",
     "source_name": "ESMA",
     "date": "2026-10-03"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.finanstilsynet.no/nyhetsarkiv/nyheter/2026/firi-as-far-tillatelse-som-casp-foretak/",
     "title": "Firi AS får tillatelse som CASP-foretak",
     "source_name": "Finanstilsynet",
     "date": "2026-05-22"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "country": "SE",
   "mica": "MiCA applies directly as EU law. The transitional period for previously registered firms ended on 30 Jun 2026; only authorised firms may now offer crypto services in Sweden.",
   "law": "MiCA (EU) 2023/1114; Act 2025:1377 on collecting certain tax information on crypto-assets (DAC8), in force 1 Jan 2026.",
   "regulator": "Finansinspektionen (licences and supervision); Riksbank (e-krona work); Skatteverket (tax); Finanspolisen (FIU).",
   "status": "One FI-authorised CASP (Safello) as of 30 Jun 2026, plus 77 firms passporting from other EU countries. Two refusals (Valuno's QB Europe AB, GreenMerc's Ijort Invest AB). A new government was still being formed in early October 2026.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.fi.se/sv/publicerat/nyheter/2026/kryptobolag-utan-tillstand-ska-avveckla-sin-verksamhet-i-eu/",
     "title": "Kryptobolag utan tillstånd ska avveckla sin verksamhet i EU",
     "source_name": "Finansinspektionen",
     "date": "2026-07-01"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/lag-20251377-om-inhamtande-av-vissa-uppgifter_sfs-2025-1377/",
     "title": "Lag (2025:1377)",
     "source_name": "Sveriges riksdag",
     "date": "2026-10-03"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "country": "FI",
   "mica": "MiCA applies directly as EU law. Finland gave no transitional period, so providers needed an authorisation from the start.",
   "law": "Act 402/2024 on crypto-asset service providers and crypto-asset markets.",
   "regulator": "Finanssivalvonta / FIN-FSA (licences and supervision); Bank of Finland; Verohallinto (tax); NBI Financial Intelligence Unit.",
   "status": "Five FIN-FSA-authorised CASPs in the ESMA register (Coinmotion, Tesseract, Bittimaatti, Northcrypto, Kvarn X) and one e-money token issuer (Paxos Issuance Europe). Some Swedish firms now operate on Finnish licences (Kvarn, Northcrypto).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.finanssivalvonta.fi/en/publications-and-press-releases/news-releases/2026/crypto-asset-service-providers-in-finland-must-be-authorised-in-the-eu/",
     "title": "Crypto-asset service providers in Finland must be authorised in the EU",
     "source_name": "Finanssivalvonta",
     "date": "2026-06-30"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2024/402",
     "title": "Act 402/2024 on crypto-asset service providers and crypto-asset markets",
     "source_name": "Finlex",
     "date": "2026-10-03"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/esmas-activities/digital-finance-and-innovation/markets-crypto-assets-regulation-mica",
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register (CASPS.csv, checked 3 Oct 2026)",
     "source_name": "ESMA",
     "date": "2026-10-03"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "country": "IS",
   "mica": "MiCA applies through the EEA Agreement via Act No. 101/2025, in force 1 Jan 2026. From 1 Jul 2026 crypto services require a MiCA licence.",
   "law": "Lög um markaði fyrir sýndareignir (Act No. 101/2025).",
   "regulator": "Central Bank of Iceland – Financial Supervision (licences and supervision); Skatturinn (tax); District Prosecutor's FIU.",
   "status": "One CASP authorised (Myntkaup, 25 Jun 2026) and one e-money token issuer (Monerium) in the ESMA register.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "url": "https://www.althingi.is/altext/stjt/2025.101.html",
     "title": "Act No. 101/2025 on markets in crypto-assets",
     "source_name": "Alþingi",
     "date": "2026-10-03"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://sedlabanki.is/frettir-og-utgefid-efni/grein/oheimilt-er-ad-veita-thjonustu-med-syndareignir-an-starfsleyfis-fra-og-med-1-juli-2026",
     "title": "No crypto-asset services without a licence from 1 July 2026",
     "source_name": "Seðlabanki Íslands",
     "date": "2026-10-03"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/esmas-activities/digital-finance-and-innovation/markets-crypto-assets-regulation-mica",
     "title": "ESMA interim MiCA register (CASPS.csv, checked 3 Oct 2026)",
     "source_name": "ESMA",
     "date": "2026-10-03"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "caveats": [
  "Ministry of Finance (Norway): it is not confirmed which state secretary holds the financial-markets and crypto portfolio.",
  "Finanstilsynet: Wenche Fagereng is listed by name and role from the authority's organisation chart. Nothing is said about responsibility for MiCA or CASP supervision, because that is not confirmed in a public source.",
  "Norges Bank's tokenisation network: the primary source is Norges Bank's own LinkedIn post of 7 Sep 2026. It is not published on norges-bank.no.",
  "ESMA: Carlo Comporti has been approved by the European Parliament as the new chair from 1 Nov 2026, but awaits the Council's decision.",
  "Storting finance committee: only the chair and deputy chairs are listed for now.",
  "ESMA's interim MiCA register is a CSV snapshot (checked 3 Oct 2026); national registers may be more up to date.",
  "Sweden: ministers are not listed while a new government is being formed after the September 2026 election.",
  "Private-sector people outside Norway are only included where a public source names their role (so far only Virtune's CEO). More will be added by the researcher with sources.",
  "Legal entity identifiers, organisation numbers and addresses from the registers are deliberately left out."
 ]
}